Ahmed Iftiak

Samantha Bellamy

English 110

09/13/2019

Deforestation

       The term deforestation is often misused to describe any activity where all trees in an area are removed. Deforestation is the removal of a forest or stand of the tree where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use (Rabia). Most Deforestation caused by humans. Humans cut down trees than the wood shipped around the world for making products. Then the land is made smooth enough for homes, businesses, or farming, turning the forest into human use. The sources I choose to analysis are mostly about the cause and effect of deforestation and most of these are based on recent events.

     Newspaper Article: What We Know About the Thousands of Fires in the Amazon, the Planet’s ‘Lungs’

The author of the Newspaper Article; What We Know About the Thousands of Fires in the Amazon, the Planet’s ‘Lungs’ is Alexandria Symonds. She is a senior staff editor at The New York Times. The article is about current events occurring in the Amazon forest. Wildfires are happening in record barking rates. The article is a response to a trending topic in Twitter “#ParyForAmazons”. In the article, the author discusses what happens in the Amazon forest? Why it’s happening? what we are doing about it? And how it’s both cause and effects of deforestation as well as global warming?

The purpose of the News article is to inform the public about the fires raging in the amazon and how It links to deforestation. The article addresses the economic and political factors of the fire. The article addresses the topic by questioning, “How did the fires start?” and “How dangerous are they to the rain forest?” (Symonds). The purpose of this is to create interaction, to make it interesting to read about. Also, the article discusses the truth of the fires because not all the wildfires in the amazon are caused by natural fire, as it says in the article “Natural fires in the Amazon are rare, the majority of these fires were set by farmers preparing Amazon adjacent farmland for next year’s crops and pasture” (Symonds).

The audience of the News article is general public, it’s directed to everyone and especially social media, as the article is responding to social media feed, here author begins the article talking about “The hashtag #PrayForAmazonas was the top trending topic in the world on Twitter on Wednesday, as images of a rain forest on fire spread across the internet. Here’s what we know so far about the fires raging in the Amazon” (Symonds). the audience is everyone because the effect of deforestation will impact everyone in the world because it’s contributed to Global Warming. The news article contains detailed information about deforestation in the Amazon and its effects on society. The tone of the article is cautionary and informative. As in the article author state “The number of fires identified by the agency in the Amazon region so far this year, 40,341, is about 35 percent higher than the average for the first eight months of each year since 2010” (Symonds). The article informs people about the fire in amazon and how humans are involved in deforestation as she said, “Natural fires in the Amazon are rare” (Symonds), as well as create concerns about the effect of the fires will have afterward as the deforestation continues.

The genre of the news article is non-fictional, informative, and detailed. The medium is newspaper and formal writing style. The News article is based on facts, it contains information about the real-life event that occurring right now. The stance of the article is unclear, but the author seems to be against the act of deforestation. The begin of the article is mostly about how wildfire causes deforestation but the end is about how humans are involved in the fire and what they are doing about it. The language of the article is formal, encodable for everybody. Clean and accurate able to express what she wants to say. The whole article can be used as evidence since there is no use of slang and an article written in modern language.

Magazine article; Deforestation Stifles Biodiversity

The author of the magazine article Deforestation Stifles Biodiversity is Rabia Badar. She is in Botany Department, Jinnah University for Woman, Karachi. The article discusses the cause and effect of Deforestation like the newspaper article but in the dept. The purpose of the article is to address how broad the effect of deforestation, and we humans are the victim of deforestation in both the short and long term. The article addresses other factors of deforestation like loss of Biodiversity, change in the ecosystem, extinction of rare animals and plants, more natural disaster because of lack of trees, and disturbing carbon cycle, water cycle, etcetera. Most important how humans are involved in all this, and it’s happening everywhere. (Badar)

The audience of the article is everyone, but mostly those who are directly affected by the deforestation. The author intends to inform his readers about the dangers of deforestation, and its logical outcome of the increasing rate of global warming. She wants to inform the next generation about deforestation, and its negative impacts on people’s lives. Here is an example of the effect of deforestation in the environment “Deforestation and desertification lead to landslides and drought. Trees help attract clouds for rain, help to reduce the amount of carbon monoxide in the air, and slow the rate of desertification.” (Badar) The tone is descriptive, direct and practical. Here is an example of author direct and descriptive tone “Deforestation is a contributor to global warming and is often cited as one of the major causes of the enhanced greenhouse effect. Tropical deforestation is responsible for approximately 20 percent of world greenhouse gas emissions” (Badar). In simple words, the author describes how deforestation is a direct Couse of global warming. The article tall people that deforestation is real, and we need to act on it. Humanity is losing because of our careless deeds toward nature.

The genre of the magazine article is a nonfiction fact-based article. A fact like “trees contribute in a large way in maintaining the water cycle” and “Due to massive deforestation, about 50 to 100 species of animals are lost each day” (Badar). These are real facts and the article’s goal is to show the quantity of the effect of deforestation. The stance of the article is like a newspaper article. The author’s attitude toward the topic is positive and encourages us to act, if we don’t do anything right now, we will be intrudable which we can reverse. The language of the article Is formal, for people of every background and education because people who cutting down the forest, turning the land into farmland and real estate business use, they belong to every level of the society. As the author states in the article “With the advent of agriculture, the forest became the prime tool to clear land for crops. Cities are built in a woody area providing the wood for some industry,” (Badar) these people are all level farmers to a businessman. Everyone should receive the message.

Website article from National Geography: Deforestation and Its Effect on the Planet

     Human-driven and natural loss of trees—deforestation—affects wildlife, ecosystems, weather patterns, and even the climate. (Nunez). The author of the website article “Climate 101: Deforestation” Christina Nunez. She is a writer and frequent contributor to National Geography. In the article, the author describes deforestation as other sources of magazine and newspaper articles. The purpose of the article let people know about the facts about the forest. How much we have lost and the rate of declining of the forest. The article state that we “seek to slow the pace of climate change preserve wildlife, and support billions of people, trees inevitably hold a major part of the answer. Yet the mass destruction of trees—deforestation—continues, sacrificing the long-term benefits of standing trees for short-term gain” (Nunez). The article also contains an Image of polar ice mating rate has increased causing sea level to rise. The article states the reasons why we should care about deforestation and climate change and what can be done like other sources. This source promotes people to act by providing solutions, it shows there is still hope for humanity to restore to the forest and undo their deeds.

The audience of this is also everyone like other sources. Informing everyone about deforestation, letting people know that is our fault, we human are the cause of climate change and deforestation. The tone of the article is like the other three sources informative and detailed. But unlike other sources, it has a hopeful tone at end of the article with a solution by addressing the possible way of encounter deforestation as the author says in the article “A movement is underway to preserve existing forest ecosystems and restore lost tree cover. Organizations and activists are working to fight illegal mining and logging,” (Nunez). There is always hope for humanity to improve and care about the things that matter, rather than caring about temporary things.

The genre of this article is also non-fiction like the other three sources. Since its real-life global issue caused by a human there going to be less likely to be a fictional article or opinion-based article. Because the fictional or opinion base article would be based on facts. The stance of the article is against deforestation and pro forest. The author supporting the movements that want to limit cutting trees in biodiverse forests. The language of the article is formal. The author is promoting movements to protect the forest, and everyone can be part of the movement as the author state the movements in the articles “in Brazil, conservationists are rallying in the face of ominous signals that the government may roll back forest protections.” (Nunez). So, the author uses formal everyday language so the massage can reach everyone. The author makes sure that people should be more educated about deforestation.

Scholarly article: Remote tropical and sub-tropical responses to Amazon deforestation

     This article is a report of a study done by Andrew M. Badger and Paul A. Dirmeyer. Andrew M. Badger is a scientist from George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA, and Paul A. Dirmeyer is a Meteorologist from the same university. The study is done to see the effects of deforestation in remote tropical and sub-tropical regions. The purpose of the study report to let people the real effect of deforestation on climate. The study contains real data that could be used to influence political leaders to make rules that will control deforestation. The report can be used to convince the institution that funds for mentioned in the National Geography article. The report can be used for debates and other places where the actual study needed to prove the effect of deforestation because the same people do not want to care about this global issue.

The audience of the study report is unlike the other sources, it’s for the educational and scientific community. It’s a professional and technical report written to communicate the information gathered through research with extensive details that can be understood by people with higher education and qualifications. The tone of the article is also different than the other source is more technical, informative and detailed, like in the article state “Fig. 3: Hovmoller diagrams for zonal-mean precipitation (mm/day) for the eastern Pacific (120°W-80°W) and Atlantic (40°W-0°). Contours indicate the control simulation precipitation” (Badger) this sentence contains a directional coordinate which is hard for an average person to decipher. The article is not emotional but serious.

The genre is a non-fictional data-based report and the conclusion drawn from the data collected in the study. The author declares that they have no conflicts of interest. The stance is also unlike other sources since it’s a report of a research study the author did not take any side toward the topic as it says in the article “The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.” (Badger). The language of the article is technical and formal. The writing is directed toward a scientific community with use scientific term. To an ordinary person, the article is very compacted and misleading. The author describes their research by providing all the methods they used and their findings to conclude their initial hypothesis. The goal of the article is proving the effects of deforestation is global not isolated, “This study helps to exhibit that Amazon deforestation can’t be considered a geographically isolated event.” (Badger)

The languages of the articles are similar to each other except for the research study report. The newspaper, magazine and website vlog talk about the cause and effect of deforestation. Telling people that we human are involve and cause of the deforestation. The study report is focused on finding evidence about the effect of deforestation to influence government agencies and other organizations. Other articles are focused to inform everyone else, to bring the topic to light and make people aware of climate change.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Work cited

Newspaper article: Symonds, Alexandria. “What We Know About the Thousands of        Fires in the Amazon, the Planet’s ‘Lungs’.” New York Times, 24 Aug. 2019, p. A8(L). Gale OneFile: News, https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A597229139/STND?u=cuny_ccny&sid=STND&xid=6f432205. Accessed on 13 Sept. 2019

 

Magazine article: Rabia Badar. “Deforestation Stifles Biodiversity.” Pakistan & Gulf Economist, 22 May 2011. Gale Academic OneFile, https://links.gale.com/apps/doc/A256611180/AONE?u=cuny_ccny&sid=AONE&xid=c1866224. Accessed on 13 Sept. 2019

 

Website article: Nunez, Christina. “Deforestation and Its Effect on the Planet.” Deforestation Facts and Information, 25 Feb. 2019, www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/deforestation/. Accessed on 13 Sept. 2019

Scholarly Article: Badger, Andrew M., and Paul A. Dirmeyer. “Remote tropical and sub-tropical responses to Amazon deforestation.” Climate Dynamics, vol. 46, no. 9-10, 2016, p. 3057+. Gale Academic OneFile, https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A450729636/AONE?u=cuny_ccny&sid=AONE&xid=5a0bf7b4. Accessed 13 Sept. 2019.